FTCE Reading K-12 Practice Exam 2025 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

The term that refers to the individual written symbols representing a phoneme is "grapheme." A grapheme is the smallest unit in a writing system of any given language that represents a sound (phoneme) in spoken language. For example, the letter "s" in "sat" is a grapheme that corresponds to the phoneme /s/. Understanding this relationship is crucial in reading and writing because it forms the basis of phonics, which is the connection between sounds and their corresponding letters or letter combinations.

In contrast, a phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in speech, but it does not pertain to the written symbol. The term "graphos" is less commonly used and does not typically relate directly to phonemic representation in the context of reading and writing. "Lexeme" refers to a unit of meaning, which may consist of one or more words and is not focused on the representation of phonemes through written symbols. Thus, identifying a grapheme as the correct term highlights the crucial link between phonics and literacy development.